Violence, which was ubiquitous, was the usual way of resolving conflicts in the Middle Ages, whether one was a prince or a peasant.
As a counter to violence, law began to emerge as an impartial, universal institution.
The legal profession was born at the turn of the 12th century and would become omnipresent within a few centuries. It had at its disposition three sets of rules that were often concurrent: the local @coutumes@, or customary laws, the secular Roman tradition, and the new Canons of the Church, which sought to codify human life more strictly.
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